Practice advisory for the perioperative management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter–defibrillators 2020

This practice advisory updates the “Practice Advisory for the Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillators: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices,” adopted by the American Society of Anesthesiologists in 2010 and published in 2011. This updated advisory is intended for use by anesthesiologists and all other individuals who deliver or who are responsible for anesthesia care. The update may also serve as a resource for other physicians and healthcare professionals who manage patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.