Клиническое, инструментальное и фармакологическое сопоставление больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких и бронхиальной астмой в условиях реальной клинической практики

The objective of this study was to compare demographic, clinical, functional, laboratory data, and therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma who seek for medical aid at medical institutions of Kazan’. Methods. The study involved 153 patients with COPD aged 33 to 89 years and 229 patients with asthma aged 18 to 87 years. Clinical status, rate of exacerbations, spirometric data, treatment and compliance during the previous year were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-18 software. Results. COPD patients were older (64.1 ± 0,7 vs 55.4 ± 0,9 years in asthma patients; p < 0,01), more often were males (98.7% vs 1.3%, p < 0.001) and smokers. Coronary heart disease (39.0% vs 25.3%; p < 0.010) and chronic heart failure (35.7% vs 17.5%; p < 0.001) were more common in patients with COPD, while rhinitis (42.4 % vs 3.9%; p < 0.001) and chronic kidney disease (13.1% vs 4.5%; p < 0.001) were more common in asthma patients. Allergic disease was 5-fold more often in asthma patients. Morning symptoms affected daily activity in 77.3% of COPD patients compared to 66.8% of asthma patients (p < 0.05). Generally, daytime activity was impaired in 55.2% of patients with COPD and in 12.7% of patients with asthma (p < 0.05). Excessive use of short-acting bronchodilators was noted at nighttime in 89.6% with COPD and 70.7% with asthma (p < 0.001). Other treatment was in line with guidelines for each the disease. The most convenient inhalational drug delivery device for COPD patients was a metered dosed inhaler, while patients with asthma preferred dry powder inhalers. Compliance of asthma patients was significantly higher than that of COPD patients (57.2% vs 27.8%; p < 0.001). The level of compliance did not change while fixed and free combinations of ICS and LABA or different inhalational devices were used in patients with COPD or asthma. Conclusion. There is a number of clinical signs to distinguish COPD and asthma quite easily in primary care facilities. Excessive use of short-acting bronchodilators and a low compliance of patients are issues requiring to be improved.