Bots don’t Vote, but They Surely Bother!: A Study of Anomalous Accounts in a National Referendum

BSTRACT The Web contains several social media platforms for exchange of ideas and content publishing. These platforms are used by people, but also by distributed agents known as bots. Bots have existed for decades, with many of them being benevolent, although their influence in propagating and generating deceptive information has increased recently. Here we present a characterization of the discussion on Twitter about the 2020 Chilean constitutional referendum. Through a profile-oriented analysis that enables the isolation of anomalous content using machine learning, we obtain a characterization that matches national vote turnout, and we measure how anomalous accounts (some of which are automated bots) produce content and interact promoting (false) information.