Safety and Effectiveness of Insulin Glargine 300 U/mL in Participants with Type 2 Diabetes Who Fast During Ramadan in The Gulf Region: A Subgroup Analysis of the Real-World ORION Study

Introduction To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 U/mL (Gla-300) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Gulf region who fast during Ramadan. Methods ORION was a real-world, prospective, observational study in people with T2DM treated with Gla-300 during pre-Ramadan, Ramadan, and post-Ramadan periods. This subgroup analysis included 222 participants from the Gulf region (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar). The primary endpoint was the percentage of participants experiencing severe and/or symptomatic documented hypoglycemia (self-monitored plasma glucose [SMPG] ≤ 70 mg/dL) during Ramadan. Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), SMPG, body weight, insulin dose, and adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated. Results The primary endpoint was reported in one (0.5%) participant during Ramadan. The incidence rate of symptomatic documented hypoglycemia (SMPG ≤ 70 mg/dL) decreased from the pre-Ramadan (3.2%) to Ramadan period (0.5%), and no severe hypoglycemia events were reported during the study. Reductions were observed in HbA 1c (mean ± standard deviation: − 0.51 ± 0.95% [− 5.5 ± 10.4 mmol/mol]), FPG (− 13.9 ± 47.5 mg/dL), and SMPG (− 6.1 ± 27.1 mg/dL). No significant changes were observed in body weight or Gla-300 dose. AEs were reported in 11 (5.0%) participants. Conclusion In a real-world setting in the Gulf region, Gla-300 treatment in people with T2DM during Ramadan was associated with a low incidence of hypoglycemia and improved glycemic control. Trial Registration CTRI/2019/02/017636.