Expression profiling of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family reveals their diverse response pattern in two different salt-tolerant Glycyrrhiza species

Background Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs) play important role in response to environmental stress as crucial signal receptors or sensors. Our previous study indicated that salt stress acts as a positive factor to stimulate the production of pharmacodynamic metabolites in the medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis . Currently, little is known about the MPK gene family and their functions in the medicinal plant G. uralensi s. Objective Identification, comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, expression profiling, and response pattern under salt stress of the G. uralensis GuMPK gene family. Methods Genome-wide investigation and expression profiling of the MPK gene family in G. uralensis , and their phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary characteristics, gene structure, motif distribution, promoter cis -acting element, and expression pattern under salt stress in two different salt-tolerant Glycyrrhiza species were performed. Results A total of 20 G. uralensis GuMPK genes were identified and categorized into five groups, and had conserved gene structure and motif distribution. Expression profiling of GuMPK genes suggested their potentially diverse functions in plant growth and in response to phytohormones and environmental stress, particularly GuMPK1 , 2 , 5 , and 10 as key components for G. uralensis in response to abiotic stress. Further expression analysis under NaCl treatment in two different salt-tolerant Glycyrrhiza species displayed the MPKs ’ different response patterns, emphasizing the role of MPK2 , 5 , 7 , and 16 as potentially crucial genes for Glycyrrhiza to respond to salt stress. Conclusion Our results provide a genome-wide identification and expression profiling of MPK gene family in G. uralensis , and establish the foundation for screening key responsive genes and understanding the potential function and regulatory mechanism of GuMPKs in salt responsiveness.