The Effect of Zinc Supplementation on the Improvement of Premenstrual Symptoms in Female University Students: a Randomized Clinical Trial Study

Zinc is an essential microelement that plays many important functions in the body. It is crucial for the regulation of cell growth, hormone release, immunological response, and reproduction. Thus, this trial aimed to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation in comparison with placebo on the improvement of premenstrual symptoms in female university students. This triple-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial was conducted among 69 female students aged 18–35 with premenstrual syndrome that living in dormitories of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, in west of Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups of equal number; one group received 220 mg of elemental zinc ( n = 33) and the other group received placebo ( n = 36) on a regular daily for 24 weeks. The premenstrual syndrome was assessed by Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool-Adolescent ( PSST - A ) questionnaire for all participants. Chi-square and t -student tests were used to compare the percentage or mean of parameters between two groups. All statistical analysis conducted by SPSS version 16. The mean age in the intervention group was 25.64 ± 0.53 years, and in the control group was 24.38 ± 0.51 years ( P = 0.087). After 24 weeks of intervention, PMS physical and psychological symptoms such as anger, anxiety, depressed mood, overeating, breast tenderness, headaches, muscle pain, bloating, and weight gain significantly decreased in zinc group compared to placebo group ( P < 0.001). We observed a significant increase in relationship with friends, classmates, and coworkers ( p = 0.003) after 24 weeks of intervention with zinc compared to placebo. In conclusion, zinc, as a simple and inexpensive treatment, was associated with improvement of PMS symptoms. Given that this is among the first studies to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on PMS, additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings.