Decreasing time between first diagnosis of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and cryoballoon ablation positively affects long-term consequences

Background Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) usually experience a worsening of their AF burden over time. We aimed to investigate timing of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) by cryoballoon (CB-2) after the first clinical diagnosis of AF on ablation-related outcomes. Methods A total of 132 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing PVI by CB-2 were included in the study. The patients were retrospectively sorted into two groups to evaluate differences in AF recurrence risk associated with early ablation ( n = 89), defined as within 365 days of first AF diagnosis, and late ablation ( n = 365), defined as > 365 days after first AF diagnosis. AF-free survival during follow-up was compared between groups. Results Although mean procedure times were comparable between groups, mean fluoroscopy times were lower in the early ablation group. For the whole study group, median (interquartile range) time from AF diagnosis to first ablation was 4.0 (2.0–11.3) months [3.0 (1.0–4.0) vs 14.0 (12.0–22.5) months in the early and late ablation groups, respectively]. Median follow-up for the whole population was 12.0 (12.0–18.0) months, and after the blanking period, 14 (10.6%) patients had arrhythmia recurrence (2 in the early and 12 in the late ablation groups). In the univariable Cox regression analysis and propensity score adjusted penalized Cox regression analysis, there was a significant association between delay in ablation time and AF recurrence (unadjusted hazard ratio = 7.74, 95% CI 2.26–40.1, p < 0.001, adjusted hazard ratio = 7.50, 95% CI 2.23–38.6, p < 0.001). Conclusion Delays in treatment with CB-2 ablation may negatively affect AF-free survival rates among patients with paroxysmal AF.