Ultrasonic Measurement of Bolt Axial Stress Using the Energy Ratio of Multiple Echoes

The reliability and stability of a mechanical system generally counts on the effective detection and control of the stress state of its bolted connections. In this paper, a novel bolt axial stress evaluation method based on the scattering attenuation of polycrystal using the energy ratio of multiple echoes is proposed. Above all, the longitudinal-incident attenuation coefficients for preload cubic...