Biogeography-Based Optimization Technique for Optimal Design of IIR Low-Pass Filter and Its FPGA Implementation

A bio-inspired meta-heuristic biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm, which imitates the migration and mutation processes of different species according to the habitat features, is used in this paper in order to get the optimal coefficients of an infinite impulse response (IIR) low-pass filter (LPF) of order 8. BBO mainly depends on the immigration rate (IR) and emigration rate (ER), through which the searching efficiency is enhanced. The simulation results have shown a better performance in terms of stopband attenuation, transition width, passband ripples (PBR), and stopband ripples (SBR). The optimized coefficients are utilized for the implementation of the IIR filter in the Verilog hardware description language (HDL) with the field-programmable gate array (FPGA).