Investigation of Navigation Solutions for Better Accuracy in Position Estimations

Precise positioning and robust surveillance systems are crucial to secure countries such as India, with a long geographical frontier and an expansive coastline. This has led to the development and advancement of many of these systems. Aviation, maritime, mining, military, medicine, and agriculture are some of these system’s real-world applications. These systems can be classified into two categories based on the nature of operation and system coordinate origin: (i) Source Localization System and (ii) Global Positioning System. The source localization system requires the receiver’s deployment in the surveyed location, which can receive and track the emitted radio signals (i.e., measurements) from the unknown source. Apart from source localization system applications, global positioning of an unknown object also plays a prominent role in the civil aviation and defense sector fields for aircraft landings, navigation of ships, etc. This paper aims to provide an enormous number of critical applications of positioning systems and shows the increase in need and demand for positioning systems. And the different positioning algorithm strategies to solve these measurement equations like linear, nonlinear, and iterative, closed-form solutions are also studied and analyzed.