Small signaling peptides mediate plant adaptions to abiotic environmental stress

Main conclusion Peptide-receptor complexes activate distinct downstream regulatory networks to mediate plant adaptions to abiotic environmental stress. Abstract Plants are constantly exposed to various adverse environmental factors; thus they must adjust their growth accordingly. Plants recruit small secretory peptides to adapt to these detrimental environments. These small peptides, which are perceived by their corresponding receptors and/or co-receptors, act as local- or long-distance mobile signaling molecules to establish cell-to-cell regulatory networks, resulting in optimal cellular and physiological outputs. In this review, we highlight recent advances on the regulatory role of small peptides in plant abiotic responses and nutrients signaling.