Current development in vincristine nanoformulations

Vincristine (VCR), a naturally occurring vinca alkaloid, has received significant attention in recent years due to its vast therapeutic applications in the management of several types of cancer such as acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, neuroblastoma, and small cell lung cancer. It is used as a unique component in several polychemotherapy combinations due to its unique clinical properties including lack of bone marrow suppression at the recommended dose. However, the narrow therapeutic index due to the dose-limiting irreversible neurotoxicity is hindering its immense potential. A conventional dosage form as an injectable solution has been successful to some extends, overcoming the challenges faced in developing an effective formulation. Recently, nanotechnology-based formulations are being looked on as a novel method for improving the pharmacokinetic properties, as well as enhancing the targetability of VCR. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of VCR, explores its mechanisms of action, and discusses the success and challenges of VCR liposomes as well as nanoparticles in the past decade. This review also covers the potential techniques to improve the performance of VCR nanoformulations, thereby enhancing its clinical potential.