LTO and the Passage of Time: Time to Revisit Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions?

Using concepts used to measure Long Term Orientation (LTO) from both Hofstede’s revised VSM08 questionnaire and Bearden et al.’s (2006) modified scale, we conducted a survey in Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Turkey, collecting 1452 valid responses. We found the countries surveyed no longer appear to be in the same relative positions as when Hofstede first published his results in the 1980, or his more recent results after using data from the World Value Survey (WVS). Implications for practitioners, academics and students are discussed.