Bovine trypanosomiasis and vectors in Lom and Djerem Division of East-Cameroon

Bovine trypanosomiasis is a major threat to the livestock sector of Cameroon. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bovine trypanosomes and vectors in the SODEPA Ranch of Ndokayo. A cross sectional parasitological survey was carried out in the late dry season, where blood was collected through the jugular vein of 390 cattle. The trypanosome detection in cattle blood was carried out using the buffy coat technique (BCT). An entomological prospection was carried out in the late dry season and early rainy season using two unbaited trap types notably Nzi (n = 4) and Vavoua (n = 4). The overall bovine trypanosomiasis prevalence was 2.82% and species specific prevalence included: Trypanosoma congolense (63.6%), Trypanosoma brucei (18.2%) and mixed species infections (T. congolense + T. brucei and T. brucei + T. vivax) (18.2%). Sixteen (16) species of flies were identified and grouped under six genera: Stomoxys, Ancala, Tabanus, Chrysops, Hematopota and Glossina. The overall trap apparent density (ADT) was 3.92 flies/trap/day, with a higher ADT in early rainy season than in the late dry season. The highest species richness was noticed with the genus Tabanus, while the highest ADT was found in Stomoxyini. The Nzi trap recorded a higher mean ADT for most fly vectors than Vavoua, except for Stomoxyini that rather recorded a higher ADT with the Vavoua trap. The present findings will instruct fly control authorities of Cameroon to better manage trypanosomiasis and vectors in Ndokayo.