Chemical composition of the essential oil and headspace of Satureja montana L.

Volatile constituents of Satureja montana L. collected from a natural habitat in the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina were isolated by steam distillation and headspace sampling. The relative abundance of volatile compounds from the air-dried fragrant plant was analysed by GC-MS using two columns of different polarity. A total of 28 compounds were identified, constituting 93.5% of the essential oil composition. The GC pattern of headspace was different from that prepared by steam distillation. The former consisted of 14 compounds that made up 84.1% of the components identified. Both samples were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes ranging from 55.2% for headspace of the plant material to 75.5% for the steam-distilled oil. Eleven alcohols represented the most diverse chemical class in the volatile oil (71.8%), as well as seven alcohols detected in the headspace (57.3%). GC-MS analysis of the volatiles indicates that S. montana belongs to linalool chemotype with its relative content of 38.7% for the essential oil and 23.7% for the headspace. With linalool as the most abundant constituent, the other major components were -terpineol (14.7%) in the essential oil, and cis-sabinene hydrate (21.8%) and p-cymene (17.9%) in the headspace sample. The results prove that the combined approach in the extraction of volatile compounds is reliable for the analysis of the aroma of complex herbal samples.