Utilisation Des Nouveaux Outils De Biotechnologie Pour La Xénotransplantation

Use of new biotechnology tools for xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation is a seductive approach that has been tried many times for over a century in order to circumvent the lack of human organs or tissues for transplantation. Performing genetic alterations in the mammalian organs or tissues is one of the strategies implemented to limit rejection by the hosts. However, a considerable number of genes are involved in the mechanisms of tissue rejection and the production of genetically modified animals meeting the necessary criteria is rather complex. The emergence of powerful biotechnology tools (such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system) has opened new avenues to research in this area. An abundant literature exists which reviews the different approaches and current or planned attempts, using either cells and tissues, or organs from genetically modified animals.