Mapping heterogeneity in a research system: The emergence of a ‘hybrid’ organizational field between science and industry

Abstract This article analyses the diversification of research systems by focusing on the role of the new population of centres created by universities, public research organizations, and firms for the purpose of knowledge transfer and exchange. It departs from the mix of policies and the structural conditions in Spain which resulted in an organizational field frequently unnoticed in research evaluation exercises. An original methodology combining a map of centres and a survey has been used to observe their profiles, activities, and internal organization. This study highlights the role of hybrid research organizations in the system and the importance of institutionalization processes to shape their portfolio of activities and outcomes. In the conclusions, methodological and practical implications are provided for an understanding of the heterogeneity of research systems as a result of collaboration between academic science and industry.