Role and Characterization of Nano-Based Membranes for Environmental Applications

Environmental issues emerge as a result of the harmful effects of human activities from different points of sources on biophysical environment. Lots of environmental damages can be rectified. The prevention of further damage can be achieved through the utilization of membrane separation processes. The utilization of membrane separation process to combat environmental pollution illustrates the application of membrane materials to effectively prevent environmental pollution in a sustainable manner. Nano-based membranes usually fabricated from organic polymer-based nanocomposites have proven to be promising membrane separation technology for environmental issues. In this report, we reviewed the role and characterizations of nano-based membranes for environmental applications. Thus, the major points are, firstly, factors influencing nano-based membranes performance and, secondly, important characterization techniques commonly used in characterizing the surface of membranes fabricated with the incorporation of nanomaterials. Thirdly, we reviewed the models used in characterizing the transport properties across nano-based membranes since these properties are principally controlled by the surface layer, thickness, porosity, and pore size. Finally, the environmental applications of nano-based membranes are reviewed.