Container port expansion towards the sea in the context of maritime spatial planning

The growth in the size of ships causes, in particular, a significant increase in demand for port surfaces and for the depths of water areas needed to serve ships in the ports. Due to technological changes in the transshipment and storage systems, and, on the other hand, due to the continuing pressure of developing cities, ports have increasingly rarely the adequate space reserves for their activities, and so currently they move towards the sea with their activities. The paper discusses the reasons for the phenomenon of expansion of ports towards the sea and its effects on maritime spatial planning.