The diversity of wild bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanic Gardens of the NAS of Ukraine

The variety of landscapes and diversity of flowering plants in botanic gardens have a positive impact on the species diversity of wild bees, and creates favorable conditions for different ecological groups. In М. М. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG) the fauna of wild bees, their trophic specialization and nesting strategies was studied for the first time. Totally 147 species from 6 families and 35 genera were found. Family Colletidae is represented by 8% of the species and 7.82 % of the individuals, Andrenidae — 24% and 19.32%, Melittidae — 3% and 1.42 %, Halictidae — 21 and 28.44 %, Megachilidae — 17% and 9.9%, Apidae — 27% and 33.1% respectively. The species structure of bees by ecological groups is distributed as follows: polylectic species — 77%, oligolectic species — 23%; solitary — 67%, eusocial — 12%, cleptoparasites — 21%; ground nesting bees — 59%, nesting in a different substrate (tree cavities, hollow plant stems, voids, holes, walls of buildings etc.) — 20%. The feed resources of the NBG are very diverse and comprise more than 100 species of flowering plants from 40 families, some of which are introduced, ornamental species and varieties. Four species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine are recorded — Andrena chrysopus, Bombus muscorum, B. argillaceus, and Xylocopa valga. The results indicate that the NBG is an important place for conservation of the wild bees’ diversity in the territory of Kyiv.