Geophysical monitoring of the injection and postclosure phases at the Ketzin pilot site

This chapter provides a review of the life-cycle operations at the Ketzin pilot site for CO2 storage. The injection phase at the Ketzin site lasted from 2008 to 2013 and a comprehensive geophysical monitoring program was applied, including seismic and geoelectric surface and surface-downhole measurements, as well as crosshole tomographic investigations. Furthermore, borehole logging campaigns using the pulsed-neutron-gamma method and permanent pressure and temperature sensing were applied. The geophysical data were used to set up and iteratively optimize the reservoir model for simulating the storage behavior over a wide range of scales, including the long-term stabilization of the reservoir in the postinjection phase.