Uncertainty and data content in bowling: Task design

The students still difficulties in solving the PISA-like mathematics problem on uncertainty and data content. It is because the students were never solving context-based problems such as PISA. This research aimed to produce the valid and practical of PISA-like problems using bowling context. The research involved tenth-grade students of the senior high school in Palembang. The research method used is design research with development studies type through two phases: the preliminary and formative evaluation. In the preliminary phase have been reviewed some of literature and design. Meanwhile, the formative evaluation phase only consists of self-evaluation, expert reviews, one-to-one, and small group. The data collection techniques used were walkthrough, document, observation, and interview. This research produced two valid and practical problems using bowling context. From the expert reviews and one-to-one, the problems using bowling context have been well based on content, constructs, and language. From the small group, the problems could be understood and easy to be used by students. In addition, the bowling context that used could involve students' mathematics literacy ability such as communication, representation, reasoning and argument abilities to find the concept, give perception, and can interpret the problems.