The effects of flower-rich fields on biodiversity-based ecosystem services in the agricultural landscape.

till matters of ongoing discussion, especially concerning their interaction with the surrounding landscape in terms of maximizing ecosystem services. In addition, knowledge gaps exist about trade-offs and synergies among pollination and pest control services in response to AES and landscape context. Experiments were carried out in Lower Franconia, Germany in 2016 to address these questions. A total of 31 oilseed rape fields with adjacent flowering fields differing in age/continuity, size and management or with adjacent oilseed rape controls located in 1km radius landscapes along a semi-natural habitat gradient were selected for this study. In the oilseed rape fields, transects leading away from the flowering fields were established to examine distance decay effects of the AES by conducting pollinator observations, pest density and yield measurements. We present results on pollinator visitation rates, pollinator richness, pest control efficiency and crop yields. In doing so, we consider interactive effects of landscape context, different types of AES and within field distance-decay functions.