In vitro coagulation triggers anti-Aspergillus fumigatus neutrophil response

Aim: To explore Aspergillus interactions with platelets in the blood, especially during clot formation. Materials & methods: Aspergillus fumigatus resting or swollen conidia, germlings or hyphae were inoculated into blood sampled into tubes with or without anticoagulant. Interactions were explored using microscopy, and chemokine levels were determined. Results: Anatomopathological examination of the clot revealed conidia and germlings colocalization with platelet aggregates, and neutrophil recruitment around aggregates. Transmission electron microscopy showed conidia and hyphae surrounded by neutrophils. Increased CCL5 and CXCL4 when conidia or germlings but not hyphae were added suggested they could be involved in neutrophil recruitment around aggregates. Conclusion: These data suggest platelets could trigger coagulopathy and activate neutrophils during aspergillosis. They open up new perspectives for aspergillosis management.