Medical Simulation as an Instructional Tool in Health Education

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a background and a worked example of using the Instructional Design System (ISD) as applied to a complex real life example. Specifically, the authors demonstrate the use of ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) for building the instruction curriculum of the skills of intubation. The majority of the planning time should be spent on the Needs Analysis and Design. The Learning Objectives, prepared during the Design phase, should be written as Objective Observable Behaviors, which can then serve as the assessments for Evaluation. The content includes two examples of the application of ADDIE: firstly a task that requires a large cognitive component and where simulators and mannequins are readily available. Secondly, a task that requires a high level of psychomotor skills where suitably realistic mannequins are not available, and virtual reality needs to be used as an additional educational modality.