Symptomatic Plasmodium vivax Infection in Rwanda

A child presenting to a health facility in Rwanda was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparummalaria, but was later found to have a P. vivaxinfection by laboratory assays. Further surveys should investigate P. vivaxprevalence in Rwanda. We report a Plasmodium vivax infection in a Rwandan child misdiagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum and administered artemether-lumefantrine. Antigen detection revealed an absence of P falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) and presence of Plasmodium vivax lactate dehydrogenase. Nested and real-time polymerase chain reactions verified that the sample only contained P vivax deoxyribonucleic acid.