Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Early Embryogenesis: Review
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES(2022)
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has four major isoforms: classical hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, free beta subunit, and sulphated hCG. Classical hCG is the first molecule synthesized by the embryo. Its RNA is transcribed as early as the eight-cell stage and the blastocyst produces the protein before its implantation. This review synthetizes everything currently known on this multi-effect hormone: hCG levels, angiogenetic activity, immunological actions, and effects on miscarriages and thyroid function.
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Key words
hCG,implantation,pregnancy,immunology,miscarriages,thyroid function
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