Evaluation of masticatory behavior and taste sensitivity after pacifier removal in preschool children: a 1-year follow-up

Objective The aim was to investigate the influence of pacifier removal on the development of masticatory function and taste sensitivity in preschool children. Methods Sixty children (mean age 48.2 months) were divided into two groups: pacifier group ( n = 28) and a control group ( n = 32), which were evaluated and followed up for a period of 12 months (at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year). Masticatory and swallowing functions were assessed using the Mastication Observation and Evaluation (MOE) protocol and Orofacial Myofunctional Rating (MBGR), respectively. Detection thresholds for sucrose and urea were measured by the staircase method. The two-way ANOVA mixed model was used for time*group interaction analysis. Results MOE scores improved significantly over time in both groups, although a significant difference between groups persisted after 1 year. On the other hand, swallowing scores were significantly different at baseline, but within 1 year, the scores were no longer different between groups. Chewing time and the number of cycles were not different between groups and both decreased after 1 year. Sucrose sensitivity was significantly greater in the control group at baseline and changed over time ( p < 0.05), being no longer different between groups after 6 months. Bitter sensitivity did not differ over time nor between groups. Conclusions Detection threshold for sucrose differed significantly between children with and without pacifier habit at a mean age of 42 months. Total masticatory function did not self-correct after sucking habit removal within a 1-year period. Clinical relevance Children with pacifier habit showed important changes in masticatory function that did not self-correct 1 year after cessation of the habit, highlighting the need for prevention and habit interruption as early as possible.