Contrast Induced Nephropathy: Efficacy of matched hydration and forced diuresis for prevention in patients with impaired renal function undergoing coronary procedures–CINEMA trial

Background: Matched hydration and forced diuresis (MHFD) using the RenalGuard device has been shown to reduce contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) following coronary interventions. Aim: To evaluate the potential benefits of a non-automated MHFD protocol compared to current hydration protocol in prevention of CIN in patients with CKD. Methods: A total of 1,205 patients were randomized to either non-automated MHFD group (n = 799) or intravenous hydration control group (n = 406). The MHFD group received 250 ml IV normal saline over 30 min before the coronary procedure followed by 0.5 mg/kg IV furosemide. Hydration infusion rate was manually adjusted to replace the patient's urine output. When urine output rate reached > 300 ml/h, patients underwent coronary procedure. Matched fluid replacement was maintained during the procedure and for 4-hour posttreatment. CIN was defined conventionally as > 25% or > 0.5 mg/dl rise in serum creatinine over baseline. Results: CIN occurred in 121 of 1,205 (10.0%) patients in our study. With respect to the primary outcome, 64 (8.01%) of the MHFD patients developed CIN compared with 57 (14.04%) of the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A non-automated MHFD protocol is an effective and safe method for the prevention of CIN in patients with CKD.