A Review of Sc-containing "Scandate" Thermionic Cathodes
arxiv(2022)
摘要
Although thermionic emission has been studied for more than 100 years, recent interest in novel electron devices for military and civilian use has led to a surge in demand for cathodes with enhanced emission properties (e.g. higher current density, more uniform emission, lower operating temperatures, or extended in-service longevity). Sc-containing "scandate" cathodes have been widely reported to exhibit superior emission properties compared to previous-generation thermionic cathodes, including oxide, B-, and M-type cathodes. Despite extensive study spanning several decades, the mechanism by which the addition of Sc enhances cathode emission remains ambiguous, and certain limitations -- non-uniform emission, low reproducibility, inconsistent longevity -- continue to prevent widespread commercial integration of scandate cathodes into electron devices. This review attempts to survey the literature to-date addressing the fabrication, structure, and properties of scandate cathodes, with particular attention to studies addressing the role of Sc in enhancing emission.
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关键词
sc-containing
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