Genetic and epigenetic studies in non-syndromic oral clefts

The etiology of non-syndromic oral clefts (NSOFC) is complex with genetics, genomics, epigenetics, and stochastics factors playing a role. Several approaches have been applied to understand the etiology of non-syndromic oral clefts. These include linkage, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies, whole-genome sequencing, copy number variations, and epigenetics. In this review, we shared these approaches, genes, and loci reported in some studies.