Microwave-assisted extraction and gas chromatographic determination of thirty priority micropollutants in biowaste fraction derived from municipal solid waste for material recovery in the circular-economy approach

European and national waste directives prioritize recycling of wastes, as well as material and energy recovery from wastes themselves. Bio-waste fraction can be converted into new resources whose quality is strictly dependent upon that of waste feedstock. Methods to evaluate the contamination from organic micropollutants in bio-waste are rarely investigated. The aim of this work was to develop an innovative analytical method for the extraction and quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, including dioxin-like compounds) in bio-waste.