The impact of obesity on outcomes in patients undergoing emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis

Background Obesity is a perceived risk factor for poorer surgical outcomes, including increased complication rates and mortality. As obesity rates rise annually, evaluating surgical outcomes in the obese population has become increasingly important. This study examines the impact of obesity on outcomes following emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis. Methods A retrospective review of patients who underwent emergency LC for acute cholecystitis between March 2018 and March 2021 was performed. A total of 326 patients were included and stratified by body mass index (BMI) into two groups: obese (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2), n = 156) and non-obese (BMI <30 kg/m(2), n = 170). Primary outcomes included length of stay, time to definitive surgery, and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included total operative time and intraoperative findings. Results Obese patients were younger than non-obese patients (median, 45 [34.3-56.8] and 48.5 [34.0-66.3] years; p < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of diabetes (13.5% versus 6.5%; p = 0.034). Higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification (p < 0.001) and operative grading scores were observed in the obese group (76.3% versus 40.6%, p < 0.001), who were more likely to have a distended gallbladder (19.9% versus 11.2%, p = 0.030) and gallstone impaction (23.1% versus 11.8%, p = 0.007) in comparison to the non-obese group. Length of hospital stay, time to definitive surgery, and postoperative complication rates were similar between groups. Conclusion Although obesity is associated with greater technical difficulty during surgery than non-obese patients, similar postoperative outcomes were achieved. Obesity should not be a contraindication for LC and can be safely performed in the emergency setting.