Therapeutic Potential of HNF4 in End-stage Liver Disease

The prevalence of end-stage liver disease (ESLD) in the US is increasing at an alarming rate. It can be caused by several factors; however, one of the most common routes begins with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ESLD is diagnosed by the presence of irreversible damage to the liver. Currently, the only definitive treatment for ESLD is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Nevertheless, OLT is limited due to a shortage of donor livers. Several promising alternative treatment options are under investigation. Researchers have focused on the effect of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs) on disease progression. Specifically, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4 alpha) has been reported to reset the liver transcription network and possibly play a role in the regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we describe the function of HNF4 alpha, along with its regulation at various levels. In addition, we summarize the role of HNF4 alpha in ESLD and its potential as a therapeutic target in the treatment of ESLD.