Chemopreventive and hepatoprotective effects of genistein via inhibition of oxidative stress and the versican/PDGF/PKC signaling pathway in experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats by thioacetamide

Objective Genistein is a recognized isoflavone present in soybeans with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and antitumor activities. This study aimed to test ability of genistein in modulating versican/platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) axis in HCC. Methods HCC was experimentally induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats then treated with 25 or 75 mg/kg genistein. Antioxidant activities of genistein was assessed by measuring the gene expression of Nrf2 and the hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione. Expression of versican, PDGF, protein kinase C (PKC) and ERK-1 protein was assessed by Western blotting and immunostaining. Results HCC induced an elevation in oxidative stress, PDGF, versican, PKC and ERK protein expression levels. Genistein significantly reduced an HCC-induced increase in oxidative stress. Moreover, genistein dose-dependently reduced HCC-induced elevation of PDGF, versican, PKC and ERK protein expression levels. Moreover, genistein helped retain a normal hepatocyte structure and reduced fibrous tissue deposition, especially in high dose. Conclusions Genistein exerted antitumor and antioxidant effects and therefore suppress HCC development via inhibition of the PDGF/versican bidirectional axis, suppressing both ERK1 and PKC as downstream regulators. Therefore, genistein is a potential novel therapeutic candidate for improving the outcome of patients with HCC.