Trends, characteristics, and outcomes of conservative management for placenta percreta

Purpose To examine trends, characteristics, and outcomes of women with placenta percreta who had conservative management at cesarean delivery (CD) without hysterectomy. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study querying the National Inpatient Sample. The Study population was comprised of women with diagnosis of placenta percreta who underwent CD from 10/2015–12/2018. Characteristics and surgical outcome of women who had hysterectomy at time of CD were compared to those who did not (conservative management) in multivariable analysis. Results A total of 1055 cases were examined, of which 790 (74.9%) received hysterectomy at CD and the remaining 265 (25.1%) had conservative management without hysterectomy. During the study period, performance of hysterectomy at CD increased from 71.4% to 93.8% ( P < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, more recent cases of CD for placenta percreta were less likely to have conservative management [adjusted-odds ratio (aOR) per year-quarter 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.89–0.97]. In contrast, hospitals with small-medium bed capacity (aOR 1.72, 95% CI 1.18–2.51), non-urban teaching setting (aOR 1.76, 95% CI 1.14–2.70), and located in the Midwest (aOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.56–4.17) were more likely to offer conservative management at CD. Later gestational age was also associated with a higher likelihood of conservative management (median gestational age, 36 versus 34 weeks, P < 0.001). Women in the conservative management group experienced lower measured surgical morbidity during the admission compared to those in the cesarean hysterectomy group (47.2% versus 75.9%, aOR 0.35, 95% CI 0.26–0.48). Conclusion The clinical practice for placenta percreta appears to be shifting to upfront hysterectomy at the time of CD.