5-C-Branched Deoxynojirimycin: Strategy for Designing a 1-Deoxynojirimycin-Based Pharmacological Chaperone with a Nanomolar Affinity for Pompe Disease

In recent years, the function of pharmacological chaperones as a "thermodynamic stabilizer" has been attracting attention in combination therapy. The coadministration of a pharmacological chaperone and recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase (rhGAA) leads to improved stability and maturation by binding to the folded state of the rhGAA and thereby promotes enzyme delivery. This study provides the first example of a strategy to design a high-affinity ligand toward lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) focusing on alkyl branches on 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ); 5-C-heptyl-DNJ produced a nanomolar affinity for GAA with a K-i value of 0.0047 mu M, which is 13-fold more potent than DNJ. The protein thermal shift assay revealed that 10 mu M 5-C-heptyl-DNJ increased the midpoint of the protein denaturation temperature (T-m) to 73.6 degrees C from 58.6 degrees C in the absence of the ligand, significantly improving the thermal stability of rhGAA. Furthermore, 5-C-heptyl-DNJ dose dependency increased intracellular GAA activities in Pompe patient's fibroblasts with the M519V mutation. The introduction of CS alkyl branches on DNJ provides a new molecular strategy for pharmacological chaperone therapy for Pompe disease, which may lead to the development of higher-affinity and practically useful chaperones.