Phylogenetic analysis of chelonian hemogregarines reveals shared species among the Amazonian freshwater turtle Podocnemis spp. and provides a description of two new species of Haemogregarina

This study describes two new species of the genus Haemogregarina living in the Amazonian freshwater turtles Podocnemis expansa and Podocnemis sextuberculata . Haemogregarina species isolated from P. expansa have been characterized by the presence of encapsulated, folded immature gamonts, with the parasitophorous vacuole and fragmented chromatin located in the central region. In Haemogregarina found in P. sextuberculata , curved immature gamonts were observed inside a parasitophorous vacuole, with small, slightly arched meronts with rounded nuclei, and mature gamonts with trapezoid-shaped condensed nuclei. The novel 18S rRNA sequences obtained in this study clustered within a well-supported clade composed of hemogregarines isolated from other neotropical freshwater turtles from the families Podocnemididae and Geoemydidae. The hemogregarines found in this study were compared to Haemogregarina podocnemis from Podocnemis unifilis and Haemogregarina sp. from Podocnemis expansa , based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular data. The analysis supports the new species Haemogregarina karaja sp. nov. isolated from P. expansa and Haemogregarina embaubali sp. nov. found in P. sextuberculata.