Early Starvation Contributes to the Adaptive Capacity of Corythucha marmorata (Uhler), an Emerging Pest in China

Simple Summary According to renowned Chinese medical saint Quan Wan, of the Ming Dynasty, "If you want to keep your child healthy, make him stay hungry occasionally". In addition to lamenting the ancients' theory of health preservation, we also frame this question in the context of insects of more distant origins. How did lace bugs adapt to starvation and low temperatures when they spread around the world? What influence do these abiotic stresses have? Driven by our desire to answer these questions, we designed a study in which nymphs newly born on different hosts were subjected to starvation treatment for differing periods. Origin food was then continuously provided until the end of their life. The total development time, survival, number of eggs, and supercooling capacity were recorded. Overall, our results provide an increased understanding of long-term post-starvation responses of insects to food limitations, particularly in determining survival. Food shortages severely reduce the prospects of insect survival in natural settings, including in the case of herbivorous insects. However, the early starvation experience of some insects has positive effects throughout their entire lifespan. It is important to discuss the effects of refeeding and host plants on the capacity of herbivorous insects to adapt to starvation and low temperatures, considering that starvation resistance is expected to show some degree of adaptive phenotypic plasticity. We tested the relationship between host plant, starvation, and the supercooling capacity of the invasive pest Corythucha marmorata. In particular, we highlighted how early starvation affects the refeeding and recovery phases. Among the various range of hosts, the chrysanthemum lace bug has the fastest growth rate on Helianthus annuus, and the strongest supercooling capacity on Symphyotrichum novi-belgii. Especially, starvation for 2 days increases the rates of survival, development, and number of eggs upon refeeding, in comparison to no starvation. A 3-day starvation period in the nymphal stage significantly increased the supercooling capacity of 5th instar nymphs and adults, as observed in our study.