Synthesis and biological evaluation of aminobenzamides containing purine moiety as class I histone deacetylases inhibitors

The aminobenzamide is selective to class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) and displays unique tight-binding/slow-off HDAC-binding mechanism. Herein, we report a series of 9-substituted purine aminobenzamides that selectively inhibit class I HDACs. The activities in vitro showed compound 9d exhibited 12 folds more potent than MS-275 against HDAC1 isoform and showed excellent inhibitory activity on cancer cells, including HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, K562 cell lines. The metabolic stability of 9d was much better than that of the well-known HDAC inhibitor SAHA. Pulse exposure test of western blot assay demonstrated that 9a, 9d induced histone acetylation in a similar manner to MS-275. Further biological validation demonstrated that 9d prevented cell transition from G1 phase to S phase by reducing Cyclin D1, CDK2 and lifting p21, induced early apoptosis by upregulating BAX and downregulating Bcl-2 in HCT-116 cells.