Relationship between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:The association between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the effect of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism on T2DM in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA region). MATERIAL AND METHODS:Our data was extracted from PubMed, Science Direct, and the Web of Science. The predefined inclusion criteria included only the human case-control studies of English Peer-reviewed papers containing the data on genotype distributions of ACE I/D polymorphism and the T2DM risk. Review articles, meeting abstracts, editorials, animal studies, and studies not providing genotype distribution data or without sufficient data were excluded from this work. Results of this meta-analysis were expressed using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Indeed, the potential sources of heterogeneity and bias were examined by the Egger regression. RESULTS:Of 2755 identified articles, 10 studies were selected, including 2710 patients with T2DM and 2504 control subjects. Overall, we found a significant increased risk of T2DM susceptibility and the D allele of ACE I/D gene polymorphism (OR = 1.97; 95% CI = 1.33-2.93, p = 0.0007), recessive (OR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.27-3.67; p = 0.004), dominant (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.54-3.91; p = 0.0001), homozygote (OR = 3.35; 95% CI = 1.78-6.29; p = 0.0001) and heterozygote comparisons (OR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.07-2.88; p = 0.024). CONCLUSION:Our result suggests that this polymorphism may contribute to the development of T2DM in the MENA Region. This result needs to be confirmed by future well-designed studies with larger sample sizes in diverse populations and ethnicities.