Optical tweezer measurements of asymptotic nonlinearities in complex fluids

This article presents micro-medium-amplitude oscillatory shear (mu MAOS), a method to measure the frequency-dependent micromechanical properties of soft materials in the asymptotically nonlinear regime using optical tweezers. We have developed a theoretical framework to extract these nonlinear mechanical properties of the material from experimental measurements and also proposed a physical interpretation of the third-order nonlinearities measured in single-tone oscillatory tests. We validate the method using a well-characterized surfactant solution of wormlike micelles, and subsequently employ this technique to demonstrate that the cytoplasm of a living cell undergoes strain softening and shear thinning when locally subjected to weakly nonlinear oscillatory deformations.