Pycnogenol ameliorates motor function and gene expressions of NF-ƙB and Nrf2 in a 6-hydroxydopamine-induced experimental model of Parkinson’s disease in male NMRI mice

We investigated the effect of Pycnogenol as an antioxidant on improving motor function, depression, and the expression of NF-ƙB and Nrf2 genes in the experimental model of Parkinson’s disease. Forty adult male NMRI mice weighing about 30 g were randomly divided into five groups of eight. Saline group: received 3 μl of saline, as 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) solvent, unilaterally in the left striatum, treatment groups: first received 3 µl 6-OHDA unilaterally inside the ipsilateral striatum and then divided into subgroup A: received distilled water, Pycnogenol solvent, by gavage for 7 days (lesion group), and subgroup B: received Pycnogenol at doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg by gavage for 7 days. Seven days after Parkinson’s model induction, the apomorphine test, the degree of catalepsy by bar test, the duration of immobility (depression) by forced swimming test (FST) were measured. In addition, the expression of NF-ƙB and Nrf2 genes was measured using the real-time PCR technique. The total number of rotations in the apomorphine test decreased significantly in the groups receiving Pycnogenol. Administration of Pycnogenol significantly reduced catalepsy. The study of depression in the group receiving Pycnogenol showed a significant reduction. Also, Pycnogenol increased the expression of the Nrf2 anti-inflammatory gene, but it had no significant difference in the expression of NF-ƙB gene. Pycnogenol, presumably with its antioxidative and genomic effects, improves the expression of the anti-inflammatory gene and found that neuroprotection effect in the brain.