Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) improve the palmitic acid (PA)-induced inhibition of survival, inflammation, and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells

Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) can decrease the levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) in hyperlipidemic and diabetic animals. It can also reduce inflammatory cytokines and promote glucose uptake in adipocytes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PSP in improving insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle remain unclear. In this study, palmitic acid (PA) induced an IR model in L6 myotubes. After treatment, cell proliferation was measured using the CCK8. miR-340-3p, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT-4), and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3) expression was measured by qRT-PCR. IRAK3 protein levels were measured by Western blotting. Glucose in the cell supernatant, TG concentration in L6 myotubes, and the levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were measured by an ELISA. We found that cell survival, glucose uptake, and GLUT-4 expression in L6 myotubes were significantly suppressed, while lipid accumulation and inflammatory factor levels were enhanced by PA stimulation. Furthermore, PSP treatment markedly alleviated these effects. Interestingly, PSP also significantly reduced the upregulated expression of miR-340-3p in the L6 myotube model of IR. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-340-3p reversed the beneficial effects of PSP in the same IR model. miR-340-3p can bind to the 3 '-untranslated regions of IRAK3. Additionally, PA treatment inhibited IRAK3 expression, whereas PSP treatment enhanced IRAK3 expression in L6 myotubes. Additionally, miR-340-3p also inhibited IRAK3 expression in L6 myotubes. Taken together, PSP improved inflammation and glucose uptake in PA-treated L6 myotubes by regulating miR-340-3p/IRAK3, suggesting that PSP may be suitable as a novel therapeutic agent for IR.