Two new ɑ-pyrone derivatives from the endophytic Diaporthe sp. ECN371

Diaportholides A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), two polyketides with ɑ-pyrone moieties, were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic Diaporthe sp. ECN371 isolated from Orixa japonica , together with four known polyketides, phomopsolide B ( 3 ), phomopsolidones A ( 4 ) and B ( 5 ), and 5-[(1 R )-1-hydroxyethyl]-γ-oxo-2-furanbutanoic acid ( 6 ). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by extensive analysis of NMR and MS spectroscopic data. Furthermore, the structure of 2 was confirmed by analyzing the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that among all isolated compounds ( 1–6 ), 3 , a known ɑ-pyrone derivative, exhibited agonistic activity against the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ɑ, which is an important regulator of lipid metabolism in humans. Graphical abstract