Elaboration of capsules from Pickering double emulsion polymerization stabilized solely by cellulose nanocrystals.

Pickering double oil-in-water-in-oil emulsions O/W/O were stabilized using solely cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which were modified by introducing surface brominated functions. The emulsions were formulated using only bio-friendly components, among which isopropyl myristate as oil phase, hydroxyl oligoethylene glycol methacrylate (OEGMA) as macromonomer, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TEGDA) as cross-linker, and CNCs as stabilizing particles. Formulation parameters could be tuned easily to modulate the fraction of inner emulsion droplets within the double emulsion drops or change the monomer(s) composition within the aqueous phase. The latter was further polymerized to synthesize matrix capsules. The obtained objects showed good resistance to the vacuum and were efficiently used as promising encapsulation vessels. Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic model dyes were encapsulated, with an encapsulation efficiency of about 90%.