Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction related complications: 2D and 3D high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging evaluation

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a common indication for sports-related major surgery and accounts for a large proportion of ligamentous injuries in athletes. The advancements in 2D and 3D MR imaging have provided considerable potential for a one-stop shop radiation-free assessment with an all-in-one modality examination of the knee, for both soft-tissue and bone evaluations. This article reviews ACL injuries and types of surgical managements with illustrative examples using high resolution 2D and 3D MR imaging. Various complications of ACL reconstruction procedures are highlighted with a focus on the use of advanced MR imaging and relevant arthroscopic correlations.