On fake linear cycles inside Fermat varieties

We introduce a new class of Hodge cycles with nonreduced associated Hodge loci; we call them fake linear cycles. We characterize them for all Fermat varieties and show that they exist only for degrees d = 3, 4, 6, where there are infinitely many in the space of Hodge cycles. These cycles are pathological in the sense that the Zariski tangent space of their associated Hodge locus is of maximal dimension, contrary to a conjecture of Movasati. They provide examples of algebraic cycles not generated by their periods in the sense of Movasati and Sertoz (2021). To study them we compute their Galois action in cohomology and their second-order invariant of the IVHS. We conclude that for any degree d >= 2 + 6/n, the minimal codimension component of the Hodge locus passing through the Fermat variety is the one parametrizing hypersurfaces containing linear subvarieties of dimension n/2, extending results of Green, Voisin, Otwinowska and Villaflor Loyola.