Pinguisane Sesquiterpenoids from the Chinese Liverwort Trocholejeunea sandvicensis and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Nine new pinguisane sesquiterpenoid compounds, 1-9, including a highly oxygenated compound (1) and two amides (7 and 8), along with three known compounds (10, 11, and 12), were isolated from the Chinese liverwort Trocholejeunea sandvicensis Mizut (Lejeuneaceae). The structures of these compounds were determined by analysis of IR, UV, HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Inhibitory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages indicated that the maximum inhibition rates of NO production of compounds 1, 9, and 10 were 83.15%, 83.54%, and 96.28% under the nontoxic tested concentration, respectively. Compound 9 also displayed moderate anti-inflammatory activity in vivo in a CuSO4-induced transgenic zebrafish model.