Diagnostic accuracy of cystitis C and β-2 microglobulin in detection of renal impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has many long-term complications, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cardiovascular complication and can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Earlier detection of DN with normal albumin excretion rate is essential for better disease outcome in those set of patients. Aim of the work Our work investigated the level of serum cystatin C (Cyst-C) and β-2 microglobulin (β-2 MGB) in earlier detection of DN in DM cases. Patients and methods Our research was done at the Internal Medicine Department, Tanta University Hospitals from October 2017 to September 2018. A total of 50 patients were included. We collected medical history, performed clinical examination, and acquired investigation results (serum creatinine (s.creat), Cyst-C, β-2 MGB, glycosylated hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and 24-h urinary albumin). Patients were divided according to 24-h urinary albumin into three groups. Results There was increased Cyst-C and β-2 MGB in the albuminuric groups (microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric) more than the normoalbuminuric group (P=0.001), with higher sensitivity of Cyst-C to predict albuminuria. Cyst-C has shown increased sensitivity and specificity for eGFR decline. Conclusion Our finding suggested that Cyst-C is sensitive to predict albuminuria and decline in eGFR. Thus, Cyst-C is sensitive to diabetic nephropathy.